Last year, I attended a Technical Large Animal Emergency Rescue Training. One section was on transportation accidents. The instructor showed many pictures of trailer accidents that ranged from no injuries to serious horse injuries to cases of animal and human deaths. Some of the cases were caused by operator error and could have been avoided. Two areas that are a major concern are poor hitching and tire problems. This article will discuss tips to keep your vehicle and trailer in the best working condition.
Vehicle
Several items to consider on your vehicle include the truck and engine size, electrical and brake systems, hitch type and ball size. The truck and engine size needs to have adequate power and pulling ability. Your vehicle should be the appropriate size to pull the load of the trailer. Do not use a vehicle that is too small or too big for your trailer. The electrical system should provide lights and a trailer braking system.
The vehicle should have a safe, sturdy hitch that is bolted or welded to the frame. Safety chains further attach the trailer to the vehicle. The chains should not drag the ground. The hitch height should be adjusted to allow the trailer to run level down the road. Use the proper ball size for your trailer. The ball and hitch should be checked for wear and tear. Before leaving, confirm the hitch is hooked up properly.
Trailer
Your trailer must be comfortable and safe for your horses. It should have adequate length, width and height. Other items to consider are the floors, mats, padding, ventilation and design. The horse should have room to move back and forth and front and back. A rule of thumb is the trailer should be 10 inches taller than the normal resting position of the horse’s head. Trailer lights are needed for visibility and to indicate changes in trailer movement. Flooring is an important part of the trailer. Check for rotten or broken boards and replace if needed. The floors should not be slick from urine or wear. Rubber mats, wood shavings, and straw are materials to cover wood floors to provide extra cushion and comfort. Proper tire inflation should be maintained at all times. Make sure you have the correct spare tire, jack, and lug wenches for the vehicle and trailer. The trailer should have a “butt bar” or safety chain to keep the horse from pushing on the trailer door.
There are varying opinions on tying a horse or leaving it loose in the trailer. If you tie your horse, make sure there is enough rope so it can move its head and neck adequately for balance. Horses tied too long can turn around or move in the trailer. Always tie with a quick-release knot or easy release panic snaps. During an emergency, do not spend time trying to untie a horse. Use a knife or sharp object to cut the lead rope or halter. Horses can choke to death if not quickly released.
When Driving
Plan your trip in advance and consider possible problems such as time of day to travel, construction or slow traffic areas and other items. Before you leave, double check that everything is properly hooked up and is working - lights, brakes, hitch, and safety chains. Be sure all doors are securely fastened. Drive defensively and look ahead for possible emergencies. Avoid sudden stops and starts.
Teach Your Horse to Trailer
A horse that is comfortable will be less likely to develop bad trailering habits. Training begins at an early age and positive experiences will help teach the horse to load easier. Train the horse with a quiet friend to reduce stress on the horse. Teach the horse to load on both sides.
Summary
Every situation is different, so think about what you can do to make your vehicle and trailer as safe as possible. Plan ahead and think through possible scenarios. If you have questions about your vehicle or trailer, find the answers. Safety should always be your first consideration.
For additional reading, check out these two publications from the University of Tennessee -
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